The Microbial Triad in Periodontitis: Decoding Bacterial, Immune, and Environmental Interactions – Evidence and Shortfalls Explored

Abstract

Exploring the intricate interplay of pathogenic microorganisms, host immune response, and environmental factors in periodontitis. Pathogenic actors, e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, orchestrate tissue damage within biofilm structures. Host immune response, crucial for defense, may lead to excessive inflammation. Environmental factors like smoking and stress impact the triad. Research evidence supports microbial dysbiosis, immune responses, and clinical interventions. Challenges include gaps in understanding, emerging pathogens, biofilm dynamics, and the need for improved diagnostics and therapeutics. Ongoing exploration promises personalized treatments and transformative clinical procedures in periodontitis management.

Keywords: periodontitis, microbial triad, pathogenic bacteria, biofilm dynamics, host immune response, environmental factors, personalized treatment, diagnostic tools, therapeutic approaches, research challenges.