UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES

Pragmatic learning of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry

Prof. Divya Sharma — 2022-12-07

A Comparative Evaluation of Wear of Enamel to Various Restorative Materials of Different Surface Finishes-An In Vitro Study

Furkan Ahmed Khan — 2022-07-13

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different surface finish of various restorative materials on the wear of opposing enamel.Objectives of the study:1.To compare the amount of enamel loss in experimental groups of various restorative materials at different intervals of masticatory cycles. 2.To compare and evaluate the most compatible finished or polished surface of the restorative material causing least enamel wear. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 samples were prepared for this study - 75 in disc form and 15 enamel antagonist and divided into 6 groups. Group 1 - Enamel vs Enamel antagonist, Group 2 - Enamel vs Fiber Reinforced Composite disc, Group 3 Enamel vs Autoglazed metal ceramic disc , Group 4 - Enamel vs Overglazed metal ceramic disc, Group 5 - Enamel vs Polished metal ceramic disc by polishing kit, and Group 6 - Enamel vs PEEK disc were fabricated. 105 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into six groups of 15 each and 15 for enamel antagonist. Each tooth sample was weighed before wear testing using electronic analytical balance of 0.0001 g accuracy. Occlusal surfaces of these teeth were then abraded against the substrates in a wear machine for a total of 10,000 cycles. Each tooth sample was weighed after 5000 cycles and after the total of 10,000 cycles, respectively, using the same balance. Differences in weight of tooth samples before and after wear testing were evaluated statistically using One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests was used. Results: The values obtained for overall mean percentage weight loss after 10000 rotations in increasing order is observed: Group 1 (Enamel Vs Enamel 0.0043 ± 0.00) < Group 6 (Enamel Vs PEEK disc 00.0131 ± 0.01) < Group 2 (Enamel Vs Fiber reinforced composite 0.0258 ± 0.01) < Group 5 (Enamel Vs Polished metal ceramic disc 0.0294 ± 0.00) < Group 3 (Enamel Vs Autoglazed metal ceramic disc 0.0318 ± 0.01) < Group 4 (Enamel Vs Overglazed ceramic disc 0.0451 ± 0.01). Conclusion:PEEK showed the least amount of enamel wear followed by Fiber reinforced composite. Fiber reinforced composite may cause less wear than dental ceramics. Enamel wear produced by polished metal ceramic disc is substantially less than autoglazed and over glazed metal ceramic disc. This study indicates that any potential damage to ceramic can directly affect enamel and suggests that porcelain should be polished instead of over glazed.

Key Words: Fiber reinforced composite, Autoglazed, Overglazed, Polished surface, Wear, PEEK.

Punicagranatum as a local drug delivery system: A Clinico microbiological study

Shikha Gupta — 2022-08-17

The use of herbal/ natural compounds can be comparatively safer alternative to those of synthetic compounds for periodontal therapy. The present study aims to investigate the effect of pomegranate extracts in form of chip for treating adult patients affected with periodontitis followed with scaling and root planing. The study was conducted in two parts: Invitro and Invivo. The study was a randomized controlled study and was addressed by clinical and microbiological parameters at base line and subsequent intervals.

Material and methods:In vitro release was performed by using Keshary-chien diffusion cell for randomly selected strip. In vivo30patients with adult periodontitis having initial pocket depth ≥4 mm were enrolled into this research. For each subject two experimental sites were chosen located in symmetrical quadrants. Sites were randomly assigned to control group or test group. Then subgingival application of medicated chips was done in both groups. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 30 days and 90 days. Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out in present study.

Results: The in vivo study confirmed significant improvements of plaque index ratings with significant reduction in gingival index, plaque index and relative attachment level scores at 90 days as compared to control group. While Porphyromonasgingivalis ,Prevotellaintermedia , Fusobacteriumintermedia and Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans showed a more significant reduction at 90 days as compared to control group. In vitro results showed complete drug release in – 72- 80 hours .Matrix degrades between 3 to 4 days. Pomegranate extracts in chip may provide additional advantages to scaling and root planing for improving periodontal status.

KEYWORDS: Chip, gingiva, periodontal, pomegranate, punicagranatum

Awareness of Health care workers regarding Mucormycosis /Black fungus associated with global COVID - 19 pandemic in Rajasthan population – A Cross – sectional survey

Rimjhim Jain — 2022-08-20

Introduction
Together with the ongoing serious Covid-19 second wave in India, a serious fungal infection,
mucormycosis has been increasingly found in Covid-19 recovered patients. Current trends
indicate that the surge is higher in patient with co-morbidities. Health care facilities need to
strengthen their infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes to prevent healthcare-
associated outbreaks.
Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of health-care workers in Rajasthan to
assess their awareness of Mucormycosis as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, as
well as to learn about the possible link between invasive fungal sinusitis (mucormycosis) and
coronavirus disease, as well as how to prevent and manage it.
Methodology
A web based cross–sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. A self-
administered anonymous questionnaire was designed in English and sent to the study
participants via link of Google form through social media platforms and email. Total of 378
HCPs responded to survey.
Results
Out of 378 HCPs, majority of them were female (68.8%) with age <30 years (73.3%) and of
these respondents most were dentists (82.2%).
In assessing awareness of mucormycosis, 66.7%of HCPs believed the cause of the high
prevalence of mucormycosis during COVID-19 was due to the higher prevalence of diabetes,
indiscriminate use of steroids, immunocompromised patients with co-morbidities, usage of
unhygienic humidifiers & o2 lines and tubes. 57.9% of HCPs surveyed agreed that careful
and supervised use of systemic steroids should be consistent with current practice and 62.2%
of HCPs agree that we need dynamic surveillance and control of diabetes mellitus or pre-
diabetes in our population.

Conclusion
First case of Covid-19-related Mucormycosis has now been found in Chile. Thus, it is
important to recognise this infection at an early stage, so as to potentially reduce soft and
hard tissue necrosis and severe complications and alert colleagues of this life-threatening
infection.

Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Protein In Pregnant Women with or Without Periodontitis: A Randomized Control Trial

Kamal Garg — 2022-08-30

Background: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is non-specific in nature and is seen to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus we aim to compare serum CRP levels in pregnant women with and without periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 222 pregnant women aged between 18-45 years were recruited in study and divided into two groups Group A:- Pregnant patient without periodontitis (n=100) and Group B:- Pregnant patient with periodontitis (n=122). Different clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated. A 2 ml of blood sample was taken from antecubital vein for quantative serum CRP analysis.

Results: The mean CRP level in Group B was found to be higher (4.22 + 2.247 mg/L) than Group A (1.55 + 0.702 mg/L). In both the groups, statistically significant and positive correlation of PI with GI and CRP level was found (p < 0.05). Similarly, in Group B, PI showed a positive correlation with PD & CAL whereas, PD showed a similar correlation with CAL & CRP level was statistically significant. (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Periodontitis influenced the serum CRP levels in pregnant patients representing increased inflammatory burden.

Evaluation of Remaining Dentin Thickness of the Distal Portion of the Mesial Root of Mandibular Molar with Protaper Gold, Neoendo and Stainless Steel (SS) Hand K Files Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Analysis.

Ashwini Prasad — 2022-09-05

Aim: To evaluate the remaining dentin thickness of the distal portion of the mesial root of mandibular molar with stainless steel (SS) hand K files, ProTaper Gold and NeoEndo using cone beam computed tomography for analysis.

Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted human mandibular molars were collected. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15). Samples were stabilized on blocks of wax. The working length for each sample was determined at 1 mm short from the apical foramen by using a ISO size #15 K file. Preparation was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions and canals were instrumented upto apically for each group. After each instrumentation, root canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution followed by 17% EDTA solution. Final irrigation was done with normal saline. Post cleaning and shaping, cone beam computed tomography scans of all samples in the three groups were collected.

Result: Protaper Gold and NeoEndo removed more dentin than SS hand file. As the mean remaining dentin thickness for SS K file, Neoendo and Protaper was 1.30, 1.05 and 0.80mm respectively

Conclusion: Protaper Gold, NeoEndo and SS Hand files showed statistically significant difference in remaining dentin thickness of root canal length. Therefore, it was concluded that Protaper Gold file system showed a greater amount of removal of dentin as compared to NeoEndo file system & SS Hand K files.

A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Surgical Blade Abrasion and Partial Thickness Flap as Treatment Modalities for Gingival Pigmentation.

Rohit Mundra — 2022-09-07

Objective: To compare the retention and marginal discoloration of Self-etch and Total Etch Adhesive
before Pit and Fissure Sealant application at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Materials and
methods: 30 school-going children received sealants in all four permanent second molars,this study was
carried out in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. The fully erupted second
permanent molars were randomly allocated into 2 groups: group A (Self-Etch) and B (Total etch) .
According to the split-mouth design, each patient received sealant in the second molar with self-etch in
one arch and total-etch in the other arch; contra-lateral molars were kept in the control group. Results: No
statistically significant difference was found in the marginal discoloration and microleakage of fissure
sealants placed on occlusal surfaces following the use of a Self-Etch bonding agent and traditional Total-
Etch adhesive after 12 months. Conclusion: When TotalEtch adhesive is applied before sealant, the same
amount of microleakage or marginal discoloration happened in the occlusal fissure of permanent teeth as
when SelfEtchant adhesive was put on before sealant.

Comparison of Retention and Marginal Discoloration of Self-Etch and Total-Etch Adhesives before Pit and Fissure Sealant Application on Permanent Second Molars in Pediatric Patients. A 1-year follow-up longitudinal study

Bhavna G Saraf — 2022-09-08

Objective: To compare the retention and marginal discoloration of Self-etch and Total Etch Adhesive during Pit and Fissure Sealant application at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Materials and methods: 30 school-going children received sealants in all four permanent second molars, carried out in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. The fully erupted second permanent molars were randomly allocated into 3 groups: group A (self-etch), B (Total etch), and C (control group). According to the split mouth design, each patient received sealant in the second molar with self-etch in one arch and total-etch in the other arch; contra-lateral molars were kept in the control group. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the marginal discoloration and microleakage of fissure sealants placed on occlusal surfaces following use of an SE bonding agent and traditional TE adhesive after 12 months. Conclusion: When TE adhesive was put on before sealant, the same amount of microleakage or marginal discoloration happened in the occlusal fissure of permanent teeth as when SE adhesive was put on before sealant.

Evaluation between the Association of Chronicle of Tooth Extraction with Oral Alveolar Carcinoma: An Observational Clinco-pathological Institutional Assessment

Kriti Garg — 2022-09-16

malignant tumors of the jaws. One of the most important reasons for the increase in the number of patients diagnosed with oral carcinoma and its association with the high mortality rates is the late detection of the carcinoma. Aims: The aim of the study was to analyse the clinic-pathological relationship between oral alveolus carcinoma and with history of tooth extraction. Materials & Methods: It was an observational, clinic-pathological study.952 Patients aged 30–80 years diagnosed with alveolus carcinoma of the jaws with a history of recent tooth extraction and unhealed socket at the extraction site were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and disease-related continuous variables were computed for each subject and presented as descriptive statistics including calculation of percentages (% age). Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square test. Regression analysis was used to identify habits and disease-related variables which can affect the incidence of oral carcinoma. Results: 2655 (33.78%) were diagnosed with alveolus carcinoma while 952(12.11%) patients were associated with a history of dental extraction as a chief complaint. 553(58.08%) patients had developed carcinoma in the proximity of the site of placement of the tobacco, and 431(45.27%) patients underwent extractions as they do not want preventive treatment. Conclusions: The focus of the current study is on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning, both of which can affect prognosis. It will also contribute to the enhancement of clinical awareness following tooth extraction.

Atypical Findings in the Management of Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement

Ritam Chandra Pati — 2022-07-06

Idiopathic gingival enlargement is a rare non-hemorrhagic, slowly proliferative fibrous lesion of the gingival tissue in which no causative agent can be identified. These type of enlargement causes esthetic and functional problems. This case report highlights the diagnosis and treatment of the idiopathic gingival enlargement of a 14 years old female patient who presented with a generalized diffuse type of gingival enlargement in both the maxillary and mandibular arches which covers maximum portion of the crowns. Based on family history and clinical examination, diagnosis was made following which segment wise gingivectomy was carried out. Histopathologic evaluation was also done. Post operative enlargement was noticed on first week which gradually decreased to some extent in the third week post operatively.

"Capillary Hemangioma on the hard palate- A puzzling expression”

Deepti Garg — 2022-07-09

Hemangiomas of the head and neck are benign tumours that have their origin from the blood vessels. Hemangiomas are classified as capillary, cavernous , sclerosing and central type. The nature of this tumour is progressively slow growing, including involvement of greater portions of the superficial and deep blood vessels, functions maybe affected, depending on the location. Hemangiomas are common in the head and neck and have rare occurrence in the oral cavity. Lips, buccal mucosa and tongue are the common sites, hemangiomas occur rarely on the palate. This is a case of unusual location of capillary hemangioma on the palate in a middle aged man diagnosed by histopathology after surgical excision.

Frenectomy with laterally displaced flap: An aesthetic approach

Arushi Gupta — 2022-07-12

Frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. The frena may endanger the gingival health when they are attached closely to the gingival margin. An aberrant frenum is presupposed to create functional and aesthetic problems. Archer’s ‘classical frenectomy’ is an extensive procedure including the excision of fibers, interdental papilla, and exposure of the alveolar bone up to the palatine papilla. The aftermath delayed healing, loss of interdental papilla, and unusual scar led toward the traditional approaches such as Edward’s frenectomy, frenum relocation by Z-plasty, and free gingival graft, with their practical and esthetic restriction. A superior approach to make a primary closure in midline and to bypass anaesthetic scar by creating a zone of attached gingiva, frenectomy is associated with lateral pedicle graft. Miller, in his study on 27 subjects, proposed that newly created zone of attached gingiva may have bracing effect inhibiting reopening of diastema. A case report of this approach with its well defined benefits is presented.

Multiple Treatment Modalities for Management of Missing Molars – A Case Series

Kalpit Shaha — 2022-08-08

Cases with missing molars do need a well-executed treatment plan and a thorough knowledge of biomechanics to treat which usually leads to its prosthetic rehabilitation instead of orthodontic management by the orthodontists. Its orthodontic management is not only time consuming but also requires patience and proper treatment strategy involving right choice of appliance and auxiliaries to achieve the best possible results. Here in this case series we have tried to show different treatment modalities in cases with missing permanent molars leading to ideal post treatment outcomes.

Management of A Case of Fibro-epithelial Hyperplasia of Gingiva

Ritam Chandra Pati — 2022-08-30

ABSTRACT:

Fibroepithelial hyperplasia/fibroma is an exophytic growth which occurs due to any reactive or chronic inflammatory condition of the gingiva by plaque, calculus, overhanging margins, trauma and dental appliances. These can cause discomfort to the patient and often causes difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance. This case report presents a case of a fibro-epithelial hyperplasia in a 37 years old female, who presented with a localized diffuse type of gingival enlargement in the left maxillary posterior teeth region. Based on clinical and histopathological evaluation the diagnosis of fibro-epithelial hyperplasia was made. The patient was then kept on regular follow-up and no recurrence of the lesion could be appreciated till date.

Recurrent localised gingival overgrowth: A case report

Annapurna Ahuja — 2022-09-02

Pyogenic granuloma is a hemorrhagic nodule that happens utmost often on the gingiva (although it can occur on any surface) and that has a robust penchant to persist after simple excision if the connected irritant is not removed. Clinically these lesions usually present as single nodule or sessile papule with smooth or lobulated surface. These may be seen in any size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Here, we report a case of Pyogenic granuloma in the gingiva of a 20 years old female patient which reoccurred after excisional biopsy.

Therapeutic Effects of Diode Laser on the Treatment of Epulis : A Case Report

Shanvi Ray — 2022-09-03

Abstract

INTRODUCTION :- Epulis is a pseudo-tumor growth characterized by fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia in gingivobuccal region. The swelling is usually a result of a local irritant such as calculus formation or a poorly adapted margin of a dental restoration.

AIM : - The aim of this case report is removal of an epulis using diode laser, which was located at the aesthetic zone of the lower incisors, and to report on associated changes in the periodontal parameters such gingival inflammation and the position of the tooth following the introduction of an effective oral hygiene regime for the patient.

OBJECTIVE :- To evaluate the outcome of surgically excised Epulis using diode laser located at the aesthetic zone of the lower incisors in a 27 years old female patient.

METHODOLOGY :- Surgical excision of Epulis by diode laser (810 nm) under local anesthesia.

RESULT :- Complete re-epithelization and healing was seen at 1 and 4 weeks time interval.

CONCLUSION :- Epulis is observed in patients with poor oral hygiene in areas with local irritating factors. Tissue excision should not extend beyond to the periosteum and adjacent teeth should be thoroughly scaled to remove any source of irritation. Coagulation properties associated with the use of diode laser are beneficial during removal of tumors of inflammatory origin with bleeding tendencies. There is less post-operative bleeding, pain and swelling.

Keywords: Diode laser, Oral lesions, Epulis granulomatosa, Female

Endocrown: An Alternative Approach for Restoring Endodontically Treated Molar

juhi dubey — 2022-09-07

Abstract- The endocrown is described as a monolithic (one-piece) ceramic bonded construction characterized by a supra-cervical butt joint, retaining maximum enamel to improve adhesion. It is milled using computer-aided techniques or by molding ceramic materials under pressure.

Key words- Endocrown, Endodontically Treated Teeth, CAD/CAM, Post-endo Restoration

Single Rooted Primary Molars in Addition to Taurodontism – A Rare Case Report

Sadhika Sadhar — 2022-09-07

Knowledge regarding the morphological variations in root and root canals aids in successful dental treatment. However the literature regarding dysmorphology of roots in primary dentition is sparse. The purpose of this article is to present a rare case of bilateral single rooted mandibular primary first molar and maxillary second molar with taurodontism in mandibular second primary molar in the same patient.

Multidisciplinary Treatment of an Adult Patient With Maxillary Hypoplasia Secondary to Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case Report

Monis Raza — 2022-09-07

The purpose of this case report is to present a multidisсiрlinаry treatment of an adult patient with maxillary hyрoplаsia secondary to a cleft lip and palate using a segmentаl maxillary distrаctiоn osteogenesis (MSD) system. Dentаl-аnchоred Hyrаx deviсe wаs usеd tо bring аbоut the distаctiоn tо incrеаse the uрреr jаw length withоut аltering spеeсh, with аdеquаte аnd stаble occlusiоn. Dental implants were placed in a recently created bone to replace missing teeth.

For patients with maxillary hypoplasia, AMSD is a successful treatment option. It preserves velорhаryngeal function and is a stаble therаpy that keeps the overjet achieved with distraction osteogenesis without damaging the posterior occlusiоn. During the consolidation phase, intermаxillary elаstiсs can solve the open bite caused by tooth-borne devices. At a reasonable cost, the mоdified Hyrаx system allows the maxillary arch to be extended and pushed forward.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Acquired Maxillary Defect Secondary to Necrotizing Stomatitis: A Rare Case Report

Amina — 2022-09-15

Necrotizing stomatits is the necrotic inflammation of oral tissues requiring immediate surgical resection as a life saving measure. Prosthetic rehabilitation in such patients is a challenging task as large amount of ridge and palatal tissue is lost after resection leading to compromised retention, support and esthetics. This case report describes prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with maxillary defect secondary to necrotizing stomatitis.

The Action of Gene Polymorphism in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases: A Narrative Review

Neelam Das — 2022-07-12

Presently, it is known that pathogenic bacteria are the key factors for the initiation of periodontal disease, but the host response and the severity of clinical expression are largely determined by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. There is evidence that the individual response to the environment and variations in the immune response in periodontitis are associated with genetic factors. The gene polymorphisms like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) genes and their factors that determine the production of various cytokines which play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation and periodontal diseases. A sequel of this realization is that if the genetic basis of periodontal disease susceptibility can be understood, such information may have diagnostic and therapeutic value. This review focus to upgrade the general practitioners and periodontist about various genetic polymorphisms associated with periodontal diseases to aid in a better approach to the condition in the future.

Role of Hydroxyapatite (HA) Coatings in Implants : A Review

Anupriya Kothari — 2022-07-20

Biomaterials are the materials that are used for the restoration and reorganization of various tissues as well as organs. Some of the common materials presently used are organic, metallic, and composites. To increase the biocompatibility of these materials, some types of coatings are regularly applied. Hydroxyapatite is one of the materials which is mostly used for coating these materials. Hydroxyapatite acquires the same structural and chemical characteristics as human bone. In the present review, we discussed the various aspects of hydroxyapatite coatings that consist of rationale, coating process, various techniques, and coating failures.

Transpalatal Arch and its Modifications

Pallavi Vishavkarma Pallavi — 2022-09-03

Versatility has become key feature for an appliance to be chosen for any orthodontic treatment, one such appliance is transpalatal arch (TPA) which has numerous advantages while using in fixed orthodontic treatment. TPA not only provides additional anchorage but also used for active movement of individual teeth. The aim of this article is to present a broad review of the literature by including various modifications of TPA and their indications, to better assist the clinician for using it in different case

Stretching new boundaries of endodontics with phytotherapy: A review of literature

Harshal Gaidhane — 2022-09-07

Root canal treatment has been used as an ultimate boon for various clinical situations, bypassing unnecessary extractions and preserving precious dentoalveolar structures. Although, persistence of microorganisms due to complex anatomy of root structure makes the process complex and challenging. Hence, complete and thorough debridement of the root canal by various endodontic irrigants becomes a prime necessity. In recent times, herbal alternatives are gaining popularity as a means to overcome various limitations of the conventional chemical irrigants. For the ease of the readers, review of various studies, focusing on few herbal irrigants is summarised in tabular form for quick review & understanding. The tabular form is discussed under the heads viz. material/herbs with active constituent & its mechanism of action, investigators, aim and results/conclusion. We, as dentists of this new era are quite hopeful for these herbal materials to undergo further rigorous research in order to engrave their revolutionary marking in endodontic treatments and so more.