UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES

Editorial

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Comparative Evaluation of Diode LASER and NovaMin Technology for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In-Vitro Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) Study

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity is a brief and painful oral condition characterized by an abrupt shooting sensation. Stimulation occurs when hot, cold, sweet, or sour food comes into contact with exposed dentinal tubules. The present study used scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to investigate the efficacy of 810 nm diode LASER and NovaMin Technology in obstructing dentinal tubules.

Material and methods: We extracted the outer layers of 20 human teeth to expose the tubules and then treated the surfaces with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to create an etched effect. Two cohorts were created from the portions. Group A was subjected to 810nm diode LASER with a power output of 1W in continuous mode for 30 seconds. Group B was subjected to the application of NovaMin paste, which contains 927 ppm fluoride content. Following the therapy, occluded dentinal tubules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for quantitative and qualitative examination. The data analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, with a significance threshold of 0.05.

Result: The average percentages of complete blockage of dentinal tubules in Groups A & B were evaluated using the number of entirely unobstructed dentinal tubules at magnifications of 2X (F = 3.05, p = 0.064), 5X (F = 5.33, p = 0.011), and 10X (F = 8.63, p = 0.001). The count of partially open dentinal tubules seen at magnifications of 2000X, 5000X, and 10000X was F = 10.15 (P < 0.001), F = 5.97 (p = 0.007), and F = 2.12 (p = 0.140) accordingly.

Conclusion: NovaMin technology has demonstrated more effectiveness in blocking dentinal tubules than 810nm diode LASER.

Cheiloscopic Identification Across Age Groups 18–60 years in North India

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Background: Cheiloscopy, the study of lip print patterns, is an emerging field in forensic odontology, recognized for its potential in personal identification due to the uniqueness and permanence of lip grooves. Despite its relevance, limited data exists for North Indian populations, particularly Uttar Pradesh.

Aim: To evaluate the uniqueness, distribution, and forensic relevance of lip print patterns, including gender- and quadrant-based variations, among individuals from the North Indian population.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study involved 120 participants (60 males, 60 females) aged 18–60 years. Lip prints were collected using cellophane tape and analyzed by dividing the lips into four quadrants. Classification was based on the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Type II (branched) was the most frequent lip print pattern (32.92%), followed by Type I (linear). Significant gender differences were noted in Type III (intersected) and Type IV (reticular) patterns, with higher prevalence in males. Pattern distribution also varied significantly across quadrants, with the exception of the lower-left and lower-right comparison. Type V (miscellaneous) was the rarest but exhibited the highest uniqueness, particularly among females. Age-related differences were statistically significant for Type II and Type IV patterns.

Conclusion: Lip prints demonstrate high uniqueness and forensic value, with significant variations by gender, age, and lip quadrant. Patterns such as Type III and V offer enhanced identification accuracy. These findings reinforce cheiloscopy as a reliable supplementary biometric tool in forensic science, especially for personal and gender identification.

From Physical to Digital: A Comparative Analysis of Dental Measurements

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

(1) Background: Modern orthodontics increasingly embraces digital technologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. Three-dimensional (3D) digital models created from intraoral scans are one of these innovations that present a strong substitute for conventional plaster models. Through a direct comparison of linear measures taken from digital and traditional plaster models, this study seeks to assess the accuracy and dependability of digital dental models as a diagnostic tool.

(2) Method: For each type of model, measurements were taken on all teeth from the first molar to the first molar in both the maxilla and mandible, and three primary parameters—mesiodistal width (MD), buccolingual width (BL), and cervico-incisal height (CI)—were measured on the clinical crowns of individual teeth. In total, 20 sets of models were made, 10 sets of plaster models and 10 sets of digital models. Plaster models were made from alginate impressions, and the digital models were generated using an iTero intraoral scanner.

(3) Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences in linear measurements between plaster and digital models, indicating a high degree of agreement. Minor discrepancies were observed but deemed clinically insignificant.

(4) Conclusion: Digital dental models demonstrate comparable accuracy to traditional plaster models for linear measurements, supporting their reliability as a diagnostic tool in orthodontics. This finding suggests the potential for digital models to replace plaster models, offering a more efficient and patient-friendly approach without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

(5) Keyword : dental study model; digital study model; intraoral scanner; tooth measurements

Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Strength in Orthodontic Aligners Exposed to Common Disinfectants: An In-Vitro Study

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Aim:
This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of three commercially available orthodontic aligner materials—Duran Plus, Erkodur-AL, and Zendura FLX—after exposure to commonly used disinfectants, thereby simulating real-world oral hygiene practices.

Materials and Method:
Seventy-two aligner specimens were fabricated using thermoforming over standardized 3D-printed maxillary models from three thermoplastic materials. Each material group (n=24) was divided into four disinfectant exposure groups—Povidone-Iodine (1%), Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.02%), Hydrogen Peroxide (5%), and Cetylpyridinium Chloride (0.6%)—with exposure durations of 1 and 7 days. Tensile strength testing was conducted using a Universal Testing Machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:
Zendura FLX consistently demonstrated the highest tensile strength across all groups, followed by Duran Plus and Erkodur-AL. Statistically significant differences were observed between materials (p < 0.001), especially after 7 days of exposure, where Erkodur-AL showed a marked decrease.

Conclusion:
Zendura FLX exhibited superior mechanical stability after disinfectant exposure. Though disinfectant type did not significantly alter tensile strength within the same material, prolonged exposure reduced strength across all materials. The study highlights the critical role of material selection and hygiene practices in aligner therapy.

“Refining the cut: A glimpse at piezosurgery and conventional rotary techniques in third molar surgery.” A pilot study.

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Piezosurgery is a surgical method that employs ultrasonic vibrations to accurately slice through bone tissue. It is frequently utilized in dental and maxillofacial operations for tasks such as bone extraction, bone reshaping, and implant insertion, providing advantages such as minimal soft tissue damage, decreased bleeding, and enhanced patient comfort.

This pilot study includes ten subjects, it is a split mouth study in which bilateral third molar impactions are treated with piezosurgery and conventional rotary technique.For osteotomy, piezosurgery has been demonstrated to be a safe and efficient technique that maintains soft tissue integrity while reducing postoperative problems. Better postoperative healing is taken into consideration while compensating for the longer operating duration.

The study concludes that piezosurgery is more efficient and minimally invasive advancement for maxillofacial surgeons, it needs precision and expertise.

The Combining effect of Microneedling with Platelet rich plasma versus Microneedling alone for management of acne scar: A pilot study

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Background: Microneedling (MN) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique for skin rejuvenation. The addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may enhance its efficacy through growth factor stimulation.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of microneedling combined with PRP versus microneedling alone in treating acne scars.

Methods: A total of 10 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A received microneedling with PRP, and Group B received microneedling alone. Treatments were conducted over three sessions at one month intervals.

Results: Group A showed a greater improvement in [e.g., skin texture, pigmentation, scar reduction] as assessed by Qualitative and Quartile scar grading system , VAS scale.

Conclusion: The combination therapy demonstrated a synergistic effect and may offer superior outcomes compared to microneedling alone. Larger studies are recommended to validate findings.

Evaluation of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Mature Permanent Teeth with Necrotic Pulp and Periapical Radiolucencies: A clinical study

2025-08-09T15:53:04+0530

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in mature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical radiolucencies compared to conventional root canal treatment (CRCT).

Methods: Sixty necrotic mature teeth having single root canals and periapical radiolucencies were randomized to one of two groups (n=30): REP and CRCT . During a 24-month period, clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. For statistical analysis, the unpaired or independent t-test and chi-square tests were utilized (all p<.05).

Results: After a 24-month period of follow-up, 11 teeth in the REP group were declared healed, and 12 teeth showed healing, 15 teeth in the CRCT group were declared healed, and 8 teeth exhibited healing, and difference was not statistically significant (p>.05). At follow-up visits, both groups showed absence and reduction in clinical signs/symptoms, with no significant difference (p>.05). At the end of 12 months, 42.3% of teeth in the REP group responded positively to sensibility tests with a significant difference compared to CRCT group (p<.05).

Conclusion: In the current study, a modified regenerative technique was utilized and according to the findings of this study, REPs may be employed as a potential therapeutic modality for necrotic mature teeth with periapical radiolucencies.

The Management of Gingival/Mucosal Fenestration Defect Using Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute with L-PRF : A Case Report

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Clinically, mucosal fenestrations are uncommon and often challenging to treat. Most of the time, there are aesthetic considerations. The case report of a 24-year-old female patient with a history of childhood trauma is highlighted in this article. She presented with aesthetic concerns regarding gingival/mucosal fenestration in her right lower central incisor. In this instance, a conservative endodontic and regenerative therapy approach using synthetic nanocrystaline hydroxyapatite bone substitute with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin was used to treat mucosal fenestration. A complete mucosal fenestration coverage with satisfactory aesthetic result outcome was achieved/obtained.

Block Grafting in Periradicular Surgery- A Case Report With One-year Follow Up

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

One of the most difficult problems in dentistry is the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Primary endodontic lesions are the most common form of endo-perio lesions, which has been associated with resorption of the surrounding periapical bone and attachment apparatus degradation. Conventional root canal therapy is the preferred method of treating such an infection. Surgery is frequently the next line of management when this treatment has failed or is not feasible. Success rate following peri-radicular surgery is approximately 75%. This case report is about the novel management of large periapical lesion using para symphysis block graft along with clinical and radiographic follow up of one year.

Clinical, radiographic and pulp sensibility assessment of necrotic mature permanent teeth with moderate to large periapical lesions using a modified revascularization therapy: A series of five cases

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

Aim : The aim of this case series was to demonstrate the possibility of modified regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in necrotic mature permanent teeth for the resolution of periapical radiolucencies and regaining pulp sensibility by using a combination of platelet-rich fibrin and induction of bleeding in root canals as scaffolds.

Methods: This case series included 5 patients who had necrotic pulps with apical periodontitis, either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 25 years old. A modified regenerative protocol was used to treat 5 anterior necrotic permanent teeth. During first treatment visit, the canals of the teeth were thoroughly chemomechanically debrided, and the canals were medicated with calcium hydroxide paste. At the following appointment, periapical bleeding into the canals was generated by inserting a hand #20 or #25 K-file into the periapical tissues beyond the apical foramen with the tip having a slight curve. Over the blood clot (BC) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold, the coronal canals were filled with a 3-mm layer of bio dentine. Composite resin was used to fill the access cavities.

Results: The 5 teeth had follow-up examinations at 6 and 18 months. At follow-up visits over time, there were no clinical signs or symptoms in all teeth. At the end of follow-up period, all teeth showed complete healing of periapical lesions and 3 teeth responded to cold and electric pulp tests.

Conclusions: Combination approach of PRF with BC could eliminate periapical radiolucent lesions, clinical signs or / symptoms and regaining of sensibility which indicates the presence of host’s own pulplike vital tissue.

A Rare Unusual Case of Non-Syndromic Mandibular Concomitant Hypo-Hyperdontia

2025-08-09T10:39:56+0530

The abnormalities in the size, number, shape or structure of the teeth are termed as dental anomalies. Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of a tooth which leads to the developmental arrest of the corresponding tooth germ. Supernumerary teeth are the teeth that develop in addition to the regular number of teeth in the dentition, including odontoma. Concomitant hypo-hyperdontia (CHH) is an unusual condition. Its occurrence in the mandibular arch makes it very uncommon and rare. Herein, we present a case of extremely peculiar case of CHH in mandibular arch. There was missing 71, instead a conical shaped supernumerary tooth with no underlying permanent tooth bud was present. 81 was retained with no underlying permanent tooth bud. This was suggestive of agenesis of 31 and 41. Also, there was missing 75, which was indicative of agenesis of 75.

Bridging Aesthetics and Function : Full-Coverage Restoration Using Bioflx and Zirconia Crowns in Primary Molars - A Case Report

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Aims and Objectives:
In the aesthetic world of today, both prefabricated Zirconia and Bioflx crowns have emerged as promising options, as alternatives to stainless steel crowns. The aim of this case report is to compare the clinical effectiveness of these crowns in restoring primary molars in children, based on FDI World Dental Federation criteria over a 6-month period.
Materials and Methods:
Four pediatric patients, aged between 4 to 9 years, requiring caries or endodontic management were selected. Standardized protocols for prefabricated Zirconia crowns or Bioflx crowns placement were followed. Clinical evaluations were conducted on the basis of Functional, Biological and Aesthetic parameters at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up period.
Results:
Zirconia crowns demonstrated superior aesthetics, color stability, and long-term durability, whereas Bioflx crowns offered advantages in terms of minimal tooth preparation, ease of placement, and adaptability. Both crown types performed satisfactorily across all clinical parameters.
Conclusion:
Both Zirconia and Bioflx crowns are effective aesthetic alternatives for restoring primary molars. Their selection should be based on clinical needs and patient-specific factors.
Key-words: Bioflx crown, Zirconia crown, Pediatric dentistry, Aesthetic full-coronal restorations, FDI criteria

Dental Care of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by significant difficulties in language skills, social interaction and comprehension of abstract concepts. The cerebellum and limbic regions of brain exhibit structural and functional abnormalities, contributing to the wide array of systemic and behavioural symptoms associated with this condition. Dental professionals treating patients with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis must use a family-centered approach that takes into account the preferences and concerns of the particular medical needs, behaviours, and requirements of every patient. In the United States, one in 44 people receive an ASD diagnosis, commonly in childhood, compared to a global prevalence of about 1%. ASD affects boys four times more frequently than it does girls. Genetics may be involved in the aetiology of ASD. The risk of ASD may also be increased by environmental variables like oxidative stress, older parental age at time of conception, mitochondrial malfunction as well as exogenous factors like maternal exposure to alcohol and smoke. Maternal stress may be a factor in the rise in ASD symptoms. The dental care of a child with autism necessitates a thorough knowledge of the autism's history and the theories of behavioural guiding that are now in use. The dental expert should be adaptable enough to change the treatment strategy accordingly.

The Impact of Oxidative Damage on Periodontal Tissues: Addressing Implications for Periodontitis Progression and Systemic Health- A Narrative Review

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Oxidative stress, resulting from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and its systemic implications. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, potentially leading to tooth loss and contributing to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review discusses the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and periodontitis, examining how ROS contribute to periodontal tissue destruction by impairing the host immune response and promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, the two-way relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases is explored, highlighting the exacerbating effect of oxidative stress on both local periodontal and systemic conditions. A deeper understanding of the role of oxidative stress in periodontal and systemic diseases can offer insights into potential therapeutic approaches and management strategies for mitigating these interconnected health issues.

Bioinformatics in Dentistry- A Review

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Bioinformatics has revolutionized the field of dentistry by enabling the analysis and interpretation of complex biological data, offering new insights into oral health and disease mechanisms. This review explores the application of bioinformatics tools in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dental and periodontal diseases. Key areas include the use of genomic data for identifying genetic markers linked to oral diseases, microbiome analysis in periodontitis, and the role of proteomics and metabolomics in understanding disease progression. Furthermore, bioinformatics aids in the development of personalized treatment strategies by integrating clinical, genetic, and environmental data. The review also highlights advancements in data-driven technologies, such as machine learning, that assist in predicting disease outcomes and improving patient care. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, bioinformatics has the potential to significantly advance clinical practices and contribute to the future of precision dentistry and periodontology.

Nanotechnology in Prosthodontics

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in dentistry, particularly in the field of Prosthodontics, by enabling the development of materials with enhanced mechanical, physical, and biological properties. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the applications, classification, and implications of nanomaterials in Prosthodontic practice. It explores the integration of nanoparticles in various dental materials such as acrylic resins, impression materials, tissue conditioners, denture teeth, adhesives, coatings agents, implants, bone grafts, and maxillofacial prostheses. These nanomaterial-based enhancements offer improved strength, biocompatibility, esthetics, and antimicrobial properties. The article also outlines the approaches to nanodentistry—bottom-up and top-down—and discusses how they influence the development of dental products. Despite the promising potential, challenges such as safety concerns, environmental impact, high production costs, and the need for regulatory oversight remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. The article concludes by emphasizing the pivotal role of nanotechnology in the future of Prosthodontics and highlights its potential to revolutionize oral healthcare through innovative, durable, and patient-centered dental solutions.

Artificial Intelligence in Periodontics- A Review

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Early detection of supporting periodontal tissue destruction is crucial and beneficial for establishment of the correct diagnosis and prognosis for better patient management. There is a significant amount of inter-observer heterogeneity in the way that clinicians now evaluate radiographs. The concept of machines being able to carry out human functions is known as "artificial intelligence" (AI). In order to maximize the use of these multi-level data and comprehend their interaction, AI enables the integration of many and heterogeneous data domains, such as medical/dental history, socio-demographic and clinical data, imaging data, biomolecular data, social network data, etc. The data proving use of AI in dentistry and oral care needs to be reinforced. Technological approaches like federated learning should be actively applied to dental AI tasks, and harmonization of data to improve interoperability should be actively pursued.

Toll-Like Receptors : Structure, Signaling, and Role in Oral Carcinogenesis and Various Diseases : A Narrative Review

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Toll-like receptors or TLRs are members of the altered inheritance of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors). They impersonate an important province in linking innate immunity with adaptive immunity. The expression and location of TLRs are controlled as opposed to specialized molecules that elaborate from damaged host cells or pathogens. Over expression of Toll-like receptors can cause agitation of immune homeostasis and mark up the chance of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review examines existing documents in the literature on toll-like receptors. Several databases, including Pubmed,Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for papers. Keywords used in the search are "Toll-like receptors", "TLR signaling", "TLR in disease", "TLR in mouth carcinogenesis".

The Validity Reliability and Reproducibility of the Smartphone Application as Compared to Manual Cephalometric Analysis

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Introduction: The introduction of an application, especially designed for a smartphone to perform cephalometric analysis seems logical in today’s era. However the reliability of these applications against manually traced cephalometric methods must be verified. Hence the aims and objective of our study was to assess the validity, reliability and reproducibility of the cephalometric measurements derived from smartphone based application as compared to manual tracings. Materials and methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalogram were obtained from the conventional cephalostat. Tracings were done manually on acetate sheets and using CephNinja Pro for IPhone. cephalometric landmarks and measurements were recorded and compared by the same investigator. Results: All the measurements showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for any of the cephalometric parameters. Conclusion: Smartphone based cephalometric analysis is valid and shows agreeable reproducibility with manual tracing analysis and is reliable for clinical decision making.

Management of class 2 gingival display by lip repositioning surgery- A case report

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Background-Success of any surgery in the anterior teeth region is guided by patient related outcomes and surgical skill of the operator. Patient related aesthetics is governed by many factors involving soft tissues and teeth. Gummy smile or excessive gingival display may be caused due to various reasons and causes a serious aesthetic concern. Case report-This case report presents a 26-year-old female patient with gummy smile due to lip hypermobility treated with lip repositioning surgery. A Class 2 gingival display of about 5mm extending from maxillary right second premolar to left second premolar was noted. The patient was recalled after every 6 months for follow-up. The gingival display was approximately 2mm at 6 months. The patient was highly pleased and satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Conclusion- The lip repositioning surgery seems to be a predictable option for correction of gummy smile. The success rate of the procedure depends on the case criteria.

Digital Approach For Gender Identification From Lip Print Analysis In Western and Kokan Population of Maharashtra.

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Background: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. Lip prints in each individual is unique like fingerprints. There are many methods for identification of lip prints given in literature. Digital photographs can be used to study the lip prints for gender identification.

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the predominant lip print pattern in males and females in 18-40 years by using digital photographs.

Material and Methods:

This analytical cross-sectional study included 150 subjects, comprising 75 males and 75 females from age 18-40 years. Digital photographs were used to identify the lip print patterns. The classification given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi was used to further classify the lip patterns. Kappa test was applied to check for inter observer variation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The association between gender and lip print type was tested by Chi square test.

Results: We have found that Type I was the most common lip print among all participants followed by Type III . Type I’ was the least common lip print followed by Type V in males. Type II was the least common pattern in females .These differences were found to be statistically significant.(p<0.01).

Conclusion: Digital photographs has proved to be useful in terms of accuracy, reproducibility and forensic application.

Keywords: Cheiloscopy, Digital photography, Lip prints

Space Maintainers in Paediatric Dentistry: From basic to innovative

2025-08-09T17:37:23+0530

The premature loss of primary teeth is a typical concern in paediatric dentistry, resulting in arch integrity disturbance. Interceptive orthodontic can prevent or lessen the severity of a growing malocclusion, the complexity of orthodontic therapy, overall treatment time, and expense. The most secure strategy to prevent future malocclusion due to tooth loss is to use an effective and long-lasting space maintainer. The focus of this article is to describe the numerous shifting trends in the application of space maintenance, as well as their benefits and drawbacks.

Correlating General Anxiety, Dental Anxiety and Emotions using Tom & Jerry Emotional scale- An Exploratory Study

2025-08-09T10:39:57+0530

Background: Measures to record anxiety should be simple to use Therefore, picture tests are considered an appropriate choice.

Aim - To develop an emotion scale using pictures of famous cartoon characters ‘Tom and Jerry’ and corelate the association between general anxiety, dental anxiety and emotions of a child.

Materials & methods: 126 Pediatric dental patients visiting the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry for the first time were selected for the study. For general anxiety parents of selected patients filled the PAS quesstionaires. Before the initiation of the study, the Tom and Jerry scale was developed and assessed for reliability and validity. This validated scale was used for the assessment of emotions and dental anxiety measured using Venham’s anxiety scale.

Statistical analysis-Descriptive statistics were performed and the association between parameters was evaluated using the Chi-square test. (Significance level- P-value < 0.05) .

Results: There was a significant association between the findings of the Tom and Jerry emotional scale with preschool anxiety scale(p=0.041*) and dental anxiety scale (p<0.001*) respectively.

Conclusion: The Tom and Jerry emotional scale can be used for the assessment of emotions among children and it also associates well with the general and dental anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety, Pediatric Dentistry, Dental fear, Psychosocial factors, Practice management.