Association of Tooth Loss and Hypertension Among Middle and Older Aged Indian Population
Keywords:
Hypertension; Tooth loss
Abstract
Background- The perpetuity has become a rising trend in advanced and growing countries around the globe. This phenomenon has altered several aspects of social, economic, political and biomedical dynamic. In public health, there’s need to understand the challenge to society due to this multifaceted dynamics in a holistic way. High blood pressure is recognized as the most leading risk element for chronic diseases. It is considered as one of the modifiable risk factor for life threatening conditions likeheart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic renal failure and cerebrovascular disease. Apart from the properly-mounted reasons of hypertension, markers of oral inflammation, which include periodontal diseases and tooth loss are independently associated with high blood pressure. However this opinion is still not conclusive.
Objective-To find association of tooth loss and hypertension in middle and old aged population.
Methodology-A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals who were aged above 40 years and reported to the Outpatient Department of the Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre Moradabad. The study procedure included face to face interview using prestructured questionnaire which included demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, marital status, area of residence), socioeconomic status, health-related behaviour, periodontal status. Hypertension and diabetes were recorded as reported by the participants.
Results- Partial tooth loss was found associated with hypertension on crude comparison.24% of participants with partial tooth loss had hypertension, but after adjusting confounding variables there was no statistical significant association between partial tooth loss and hypertension(OR 0.829; 95%CI:0.348-1.586) with p- value =0.977.
Conclusion-Hypertension was higher among the participants with partial tooth loss. But there was not found independent association between tooth loss and hypertension.
Keywords- Hypertension; Tooth loss
References
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https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.001
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24. Desvarieux, M., Denmer, RT, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Jacobs DR, Papapanou PN, et al. Periodontal microbiota and carotid intima- media thickness the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study( INVEST) 2005;111:576-582. PMID: 15699278 PMCID: PMC2812915 https://doi.org/ 10.1161/01.CIR.0000154582.37101.15
25. Munoz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Buti J , Czesnikiewicz- Guzik M, Barbosa Ribeiro A, Orlandi M, et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;24. PMID: 31549149 https://doi.org/ 10.1093/cvr/cvz201
26.Van Assche, N., Van Esseche, M., Pauwels, M., Teughels, W. and Quirynen, M. Do periodontopathogens disappear after full-mouth extraction? J Clin Periodontol. 2009;26:1043-1047. PMID: 19930094 https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01477.x
27. Murthykumar K, Rajasekar A, Kaarthikeyan G. Prevalence of Tooth loss among chronic periodontitis patients- A retrospective study. Int J Pharm Res. 2020;12:2399-2406. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.239
28. Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, Thom T, Fields LE, Roccella EJ. Trends in hypertension prevalence , awareness, treatment , and control rates in United States adults between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Hypertension. 2008; 52:818-827. PMID: 18852389 https://doi.org/ 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113357
29. Sandberg K , Ji H. Sex differences in primary hypertension. Biol Sex Differ. 2012;3(1):7. PMID: 22417477 PMCID: PMC3331829 https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-3-7
30. A. Virdis , C Giannarelli, M Fritsch Neves, S Taddei, L Ghiadoni . Cigarette smoking and hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16:2518-25. PMID: 20550499 https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210792062920
31. Grotto I, Huerta M, Sharabi Y. Hypertension and socioeconomic status. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008;23:335-9. PMID: 18520717 https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283021c70
2. Rasmussen LJ, Sander M, Wewer UM, Bohr VA. Aging, longevity and health. Mech Ageing Dev. 2011;132:522-32. PMID: 21820462 PMCID: PMC5167480 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mad.2011.07.004
3. Mamudu HM, Yang JS, Novotny TE. UN resolution on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases: an opportunity for global action. Glob Public Health. 2011;6:347-53. PMID: 21607893 https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17441692.2011.574230
4. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair Rohani H, et al. comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380(9859):2224-60. PMID: 23245609 PMCID: PMC4156511 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8
5. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365(9455):217-23. PMID: 15652604 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1
6. Ayo-Yusuf OA, Ayo-Yusuf IJ. Association of tooth loss with hypertension. S Afr Med J. 2008;98(5):381-5. PMID: 18637310
7. Holmlund A, Holm G, Lind L. Severity of periodontal disease and number of remaining teeth are related to the prevalence of myocardial infarction and hypertension in a study based on 4,254 subjects. J Periodontol. 2006;77(7): 1173-8. PMID: 16805679 https://doi.org/ 10.1902/jop.2006.050233
8. Lowe G,Woodward M, Rumley A, Morrison C, Tunstall- Pedoe H, Stephen K. Total tooth loss and prevalent cardiovascular disease in men and women: possible roles of citrus fruit consumption, vitamin C, and inflammatory and thrombotic variables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(7):694-700. PMID: 12921939 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00086-6
9. Okoro CA, Balluz LS, Eke PI, Ajani UA, Strine TW, Town M, et al. Tooth loss and heart disease: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Am J Preventive Med. 2005;29(5 Suppl 1):50-6.
10. Tsakos G, SabbahW, Hingorani AD, Netuveli G, Donos N, Watt RG, et al. Is periodontal inflammation associated with raised blood pressure? Evidence from a National US survey. J Hypertens.2010;28(12):2386-93. PMID: 20706132 https://doi.org/ 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833e0fe1
11. Peres MA, Tsakos G, Barbato PR, Silva DAS, Peres KG. Tooth loss is associated with increased blood pressure in adults – a multidisciplinary population-based study. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(9):824-33. PMID: 22734702 https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01916.x
12. Darnaud C, Thomas F, Pannier B, Danchin N, Bouchard P. Oral health and blood pressure: the IPC Cohort. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(10):1257–61. PMID: 25780017 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpv025
13. Desvarieux M, Demmer RT, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Jacobs DR, Papapanou PN, et al. Relationship between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and carotid artery plaque: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST). Stroke. 2003;34(9):2120. PMID: 12893951 PMCID: PMC2677013 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000085086.50957.22
14. Taguchi A, Sanada M, Suei Y, Ohtsuka M, Lee K, Tanimoto K, et al. Tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Hypertension. 2004;43(6):1297-300. PMID: 15117916 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000128335.45571.ce
15. Desvarieux M, Demmer RT, Jacobs DR, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL, et al. Periodontal bacteria and hypertension: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (INVEST). J Hypertens. 2010; 28(7):1413-21. PMID: 20453665 PMCID: PMC3403746 https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328338cd36
16. Volzke H, Schwahn C, Dorr M, Schwaz S, Robinson D, Doren M, et al. Gender differences in the relation between number of teeth and systolic blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2006; 24 :1257-63. PMID: 16794473 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000234104.15992.df
17. Joshipura, K. J. & Douglass, C. W. Oral and cardiovascular disease associations do not call for extraction of teeth. J Evid Base Dent Prac. 2002;2:261–266. https://doi.org/10.1067/med.2002.130203
18. Saleem Mohd Seikh, Jan S S. Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale updated for the year 2021. April 2021 Indian J Forensic Community Med. 2021;8(1):1-3
https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.001
19. WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. [online] 2013 [ cited 2020 March 25]. Available from: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
20. Sahyoun NR, Lin CL, Krall E. Nutritional status of the older adult is associated with dentition status. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Jan;103(1):61-6. PMID: 12525795 https://doi.org/10.1053/jada.2003.50003
21. Joshipura K. The relationship between oral conditions and ischemic stroke and peripheral vascular disease. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002 Jun;133 Suppl:23S-30S. PMID: 12085721 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0373
22. Ritchie CS, Joshipura K, Hung HC, Douglass CW. Nutrition as a mediator in the relation between oral and systemic disease: associations between specific measures of adult oral health and nutrition outcomes. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(3):291-300. PMID: 12090466 https://doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300306
23. Hosadurga R, Kyaw Soe HH, Peck Lim AT, Adl A, Mathew M. Association between tooth loss and hypertension:A cross-sectional study. J Fam Med and Pri Care. 2020;9:925-32. PMID: 32318447 PMCID: PMC7114063 https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_811_19
24. Desvarieux, M., Denmer, RT, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Jacobs DR, Papapanou PN, et al. Periodontal microbiota and carotid intima- media thickness the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study( INVEST) 2005;111:576-582. PMID: 15699278 PMCID: PMC2812915 https://doi.org/ 10.1161/01.CIR.0000154582.37101.15
25. Munoz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Buti J , Czesnikiewicz- Guzik M, Barbosa Ribeiro A, Orlandi M, et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;24. PMID: 31549149 https://doi.org/ 10.1093/cvr/cvz201
26.Van Assche, N., Van Esseche, M., Pauwels, M., Teughels, W. and Quirynen, M. Do periodontopathogens disappear after full-mouth extraction? J Clin Periodontol. 2009;26:1043-1047. PMID: 19930094 https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01477.x
27. Murthykumar K, Rajasekar A, Kaarthikeyan G. Prevalence of Tooth loss among chronic periodontitis patients- A retrospective study. Int J Pharm Res. 2020;12:2399-2406. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.239
28. Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, Thom T, Fields LE, Roccella EJ. Trends in hypertension prevalence , awareness, treatment , and control rates in United States adults between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Hypertension. 2008; 52:818-827. PMID: 18852389 https://doi.org/ 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113357
29. Sandberg K , Ji H. Sex differences in primary hypertension. Biol Sex Differ. 2012;3(1):7. PMID: 22417477 PMCID: PMC3331829 https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-3-7
30. A. Virdis , C Giannarelli, M Fritsch Neves, S Taddei, L Ghiadoni . Cigarette smoking and hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16:2518-25. PMID: 20550499 https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210792062920
31. Grotto I, Huerta M, Sharabi Y. Hypertension and socioeconomic status. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008;23:335-9. PMID: 18520717 https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283021c70
Published
2023-03-03
How to Cite
Supinder Sudan, Dr. Ravishankar TL, Dr. Naved Alam, Dr. MD Nazamuddin Tafadar, Dr. Anjali Singh, & Dr. Bhumika Gupta. (2023). Association of Tooth Loss and Hypertension Among Middle and Older Aged Indian Population. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.21276//ujds.2023.9.2.6
Section
Original Research Paper
