The New Periodontal disease classification: Analysis and Review

Tiny Jain

doi:10.21276/ujds.2021.7.3.23

Tiny Jain RUHS - College of Dental Sciences; Jaipur

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2021.7.3.23

Keywords: classification 1999, classification 2017, periodontal diseases

Abstract

Classifications are formulated based on the understanding developed regarding the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of a particular disease. Classification of the periodontal and peri-implant diseases is essential for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease. Though we have made great strides towards the understanding of periodontitis in general, the bitter truth is that we have not hit the bull's eye on the true nature of etiopathogenesis. Joseph Fox, in 1806 first classified gingival disease. A number of different systems have been proposed later and till recently the 1999 international workshop on periodontal disease classification has been used for periodontal diseases. This paper aims to critically review in detail the major drawbacks of 1999 classification that led to the newer periodontal classification 2017, the key changes incorporated, its strengths and also the areas requiring further clarity and research. The 2017 classification is elaborate and complex as compared to the 1999 classification and its implementation is to be determined in the course of time.

References

1. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Clinical Periodontology 10th Edition, chapter-31.
2. Armitage, G.C. Classifying periodontal diseases--a long-standing dilemma. Periodontology 2000 2002; 30:9-23.
3. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann periodontal. 1999; 4:1–6.
4. Van der Velden, U. Diagnosis of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27:960-961.
5. Mombelli, A., Casagni, F., and Madianos, P.N. Can presence or absence of periodontal pathogens distinguish between subjects with chronic and aggressive periodontitis? A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2002; 29 Suppl 3:10-21; discussion 37-18.
6. Baelum, V. and Lopez, R. Defining and classifying periodontitis: need for a paradigm shift? European Journal of Oral Science 2003; 111:2-6.
7. Van der Velden, U. Purpose and problems of periodontal disease classification. Periodontology 2000 2005; 39:13-21.
8. Herrera D, Retamal‐Valdes B, Alonso B, Feres M. Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo‐periodontal lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl20):S78–S94.
9. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S149–S161.
10. Albandar JM, Susin C, Hughes FJ. Manifestations of systemic diseases and conditions that affect the periodontal attachment apparatus: case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S171–S189.
11. Araujo MG, Lindhe J. Peri‐implant health. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S36–S36.
12. Heitz‐Mayfield LJA, Salvi GE. Peri‐implant mucositis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S237–S245.
13. Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H‐L. Peri‐implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S246–S266.
14. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4:1–6.
15. Jepsen S, Caton JG, et al. Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S219–S229.
16. Cortellini P, Bissada NF. Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(Suppl 20):S199–S206.
17. Mariotti A. Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases. Annals of periodontology. 1999 Dec 1;4(1):7-17.