Role of Complementary Medicine in Periodontics
Keywords:
Complementary Medicine, Alternative Medicine, Periodontics, Periodontitis
Abstract
Health care practices that are not a part of a country’s tradition and are not integrated into the dominant health care system are called Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The most common Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies include Acupuncture, Ayurveda medicine, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, chiropractic therapy, Herbal medicines, massage therapy, biofeedback, Hypnosis, Meditation, Deep breathing exercises, Yoga and Tai Chi. The term ‘‘periodontal disease,’’ refers to both gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis follows gingivitis and is influenced by the individual’s immune inflammatory response which involves the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including periodontal ligaments, bones, and soft tissues. Periodontitis demands serious concern because it is a direct cause of tooth mortality. Alternative medications, which are having many beneficial properties, are a good choice for the prevention or treatment of oral diseases without any side effects. In a developing country such as India, several people cannot even afford their daily basic expenses, and for them, these alternative medicines will be a boon.
References
Reference
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2. Sobel DS. The Cost-effectiveness of Mind-body Medicine Inter¬ventions. Prog Brain Res2000;122: 393-412.
3. Mangal B, Sugandhi A, Kumathalli KI, Sridhar R. Alternative medicine in periodontal therapy – A review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2012;5:51-6.
4. Spector ML, Kummet CM, Holmes DC. Complementary and alternative medicine in predoctoral dental curricula: An exploratory survey of U.S.Dental schools. J Dent Educ 2013;77:1610;5
5. Alternative Medicine in Periodontal Therapy—A Review Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian StudiesVol 5, 2, 2012, 51-56
6. Agrawal AL, Sharma GN. Systemic description of meridians. In:Clinical practice of acupuncture. 1st ed. Raipur: AcupunctureFoundation of India; 1980. p. 109e227.
7. Agrawal AL, Sharma GN. Points prescriptions for anaesthesia &special sense organs. In: Clinical practice of acupuncture. 1sted. Raipur: Acupuncture Foundation of India; 1980. p. 346e362& 426e434.
8. Flaws B. The treatment of periodontal disease with Chinesemedicine. J Acc, vol 5, 2, 2013, 35-38.
9. Acupuncture A unique effort to treat periodontal disease, JADA, Vol 132, 2001, Issue 12, Pages 1705–1706
10. List T, Helkimo M. Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with chronic facial pain and mandibular dysfunction. Swed Dent J. 1987;11(3):83‐92.
11. Lisboa MR, Gondim DV, Ervolino E, Vale ML, Frota NP, Nunes NL, Mariguela VC, Taba M Jr, Messora MR, Furlaneto FA. Effects of electroacupuncture on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol. 2015 Jun;86(6):801-11.
12. Rosted P, Bundgaard M. Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaesthetic?--A pilot study. Acupunct Med. 2003 Sep;21(3):92-9.
13. Zijlstra FJ, van den Berg-de Lange I, Huygen FJ, Klein J. Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture. Mediators Inflamm. 2003 Apr;12(2):59-69.
14. Karst M, Winterhalter M, Münte S, Francki B, Hondronikos A, Eckardt A, Hoy L, Buhck H, Bernateck M, Fink M. Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007 Feb;104(2):295-300.
15. Mehta P, Dhapte V, Kadam S, Dhapte V. Contemporary acupressure therapy: Adroit cure for painless recovery of therapeutic ailments. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(2):251-263
16. An introduction to aromatherapy. Avisa P, Kamatham R, Vanjari K, Nuvvula S. Pediatr Dent. 2018;40(3):177‐183.
17. Dodd GH. The molecular dimension in perfumery. In: Van Toller S, Dodd GH, editors. Perfumery: the psychology and biology of fragrance. 1st ed. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1988. p. 19e46.
18. Owen L, Grootveld M, Arroo R, Ruiz-Rodado V, Price P, Laird K. A Multifactorial Comparison of Ternary Combinations of Essential Oils in Topical Preparations to Current Antibiotic Prescription Therapies for the Control of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Bacteria. Phytother Res. 2017;31(3):410‐417.
19. Eid Abdelmagyd HA, Ram Shetty DS, Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari DM. Herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies- A review of clinical trials in past decade. J Oral BiolCraniofac Res. 2019;9(3):212‐217.
20. Yadav HK, Yadav RK, Chandra A, Thakkar RR. The effectiveness of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and xylene in dissolving different endodontic sealers. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19(4):332‐337.
21. Dagli N, Dagli R, Mahmoud RS, Baroudi K. Essential oils, their therapeutic properties, and implication in dentistry: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(5):335‐340
22. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J ApplMicrobiol. 1999;86(6):985‐990.
23. Nagata H, Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Kataoka K, Kuboniwa M, Nishida N, Shimizu K, Osawa K, Shizukuishi S. Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol. 2008 Aug;79(8):1378-85.
24. Al-Mobeeriek A. Effects of myrrh on intra-oral mucosal wounds compared with tetracycline- and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes. Clin CosmetInvestig Dent. 2011;3:53‐58.
25. Longo RE, São Dimas J. Effects of Chamomilla recutita(L.) on oral wound healing in rats. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal2011;16:716‑21.
26. de Oliveira SM, Torres TC, Pereira SL, Mota OM, Carlos MX. Effect of a dentifrice containing Aloe Vera on plaque and gingivitis control. A double‑blind clinical study in humans. J Appl Oral Sci2008;16:293‑6.
27. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari R. Effect of oil pulling on plaqueinduced gingivitis: A randomized, controlled, triple‑blind study. Indian J Dent Res2009;20:47‑51.
28. Salvatori C, Barchi L, Guzzo F, Gargari M. A comparative study of antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory effects of mouthrinse containing tea tree oil. Oral Implantol (Rome)2017;10:59‑70.
29. Kothiwale SV, Patwardhan V, Gandhi M, Sohoni R, Kumar A. A comparative study of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of herbal mouthrinse containing tea tree oil, clove, and basil with commercially available essential oil mouthrinse. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 May;18(3):316-20.
30. Kessler CS, Pinders L, Michalsen A, Cramer H. Ayurvedic interventions for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):211-32.
31. Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):178-82.
32. Amruthesh S. Dentistry and Ayurveda - IV: classification and management of common oral diseases. Indian J Dent Res. 2008;19(1):52-61.
33. Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A. To evaluate the antigingivitis and antipalque effect of an Azadirachta indica (neem) mouthrinse on plaque induced gingivitis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(4):398-401.
34. Duailibe SA, Gonçalves AG, Ahid FJ. Effect of a propolis extract on streptococcus mutanscounts in vivo. J Appl Oral Sci2007;15:420-3.
35. Hegde KS, Bhat SS, Rao A, Sain S. Effect of propolis on Streptococcusmutanscounts: An in vivo study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent2013;6:22‑5.
36. Rodrigues IS, Tavares VN, Pereira SL, Costa FN. Antiplaque andantigingivitis effect of Lippiasidoides: A double‑blind clinical study in humans. J Appl Oral Sci2009;17:404‑7.
37. Barrella GE, Suffredini IB, Ribeiro FV, Cirano FR, Pimentel SP. Evaluation of the effect of an organic extract obtained from ipomoea alba L. On experimental periodontitis in rats. Braz Oral Res2012;26:158-64.
38. Patel PV, Shruthi S, Kumar S. Clinical effect of Miswak as an adjunct totooth brushing on gingivitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol2012;16:84‑8.
39. Hosamane M, Acharya AB, Vij C, Trivedi D, Setty SB, Thakur SL,et al. Evaluation of holy basil mouthwash as an adjunctive plaquecontrol agent in a four day plaque regrowth model. J Clin Exp Dent2014;6:e491‑6.
40. Shetti NA, Metgud R, Pattar V, Hugar SS. Salvadora persica (Miswak)mouthwash: A promising home care agent. Anna Dent Spec2016;4:6‑9.
41. Baeshen H, Salahuddin S, Dam R, Zawawi KH, Birkhed D. Comparisonof fluoridated Miswak and toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpasteon plaque removal and fluoride release. J Contemp Dent Pract2017;18:300‑6.
42. Farrer S, Baitson ES, Gedah L, Norman C, Darby P, Mathie RT. Homeopathic prescribing for chronic and acute periodontal conditions in 3 dental practices in the UK. Homeopathy. 2013;102(4):242-247.
43. Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):178-82.
44. Bogdan M, Meca AD, Boldeanu MV, Gheorghe DN, TurcuStiolica A, Subtirelu MS, Boldeanu L, Blaj M, Botnariu GE, Vlad CE, Foia LG, Surlin P. Possible Involvement of Vitamin C in Periodontal Disease Diabetes Mellitus Association. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;12(2):553.
45. Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health--an update. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 2011;91(2):30-35.
46. Tenenbaum H, Dahan M, Soell M. Effectiveness of a sanguinarine regimen after scaling and root planing. J Periodontol. 1999;70(3):307-311.
47. Wynn SG, Fougère BJ. Veterinary Herbal Medicine: A Systems-Based Approach. Veterinary Herbal Medicine. 2007;291-409. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-02998-8.5
48. Moghbel A, Farjzadeh A, Aghel N, Agheli H, Raisi N. The effect ofgreen tea on prevention of mouth bacterial infection, halitosis, andplaque formation on teeth. Toxicol Res2011;5:502‑15.
49. Rassameemasmaung S, Phusudsawang P, SangalungkarnV.Effect of green tea mouthwash on oral malodor. ISRN Prev Med2013;2013:975148.
50. Han G, Park JW, Ko SJ, Son J, Seon J, Kim J, et al. Yukmijihwang‑tangfor the treatment of xerostomia in the elderly: Study protocol for arandomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled, two‑center trial. Trials 2013;14:281.
51. Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Mythili R. Effect of Manuka honey, chlorhexidinegluconate and xylitol on the clinical levels of dental plaque. Contemp Clin Dent 2010;1:214‑7.
52. Bhattacharjee R, Nekkanti S, Kumar NG, Kapuria K, Acharya S,Pentapati KC, et al. Efficacy of triphala mouth rinse (aqueous extracts)on dental plaque and gingivitis in children. J Investig Clin Dent2015;6:206‑10.
53. Srinagesh J, Krishnappa P, Somanna SN. Antibacterial efficacy oftriphala against oral streptococci: An in vivo study. Indian J Dent Res2012;23:696.
54. Karim B, Bhaskar DJ, Agali C, Gupta D, Gupta RK, Jain A, et al. Effectof Aloe vera mouthwash on periodontal health: triple blind randomizedcontrol trial. J Clin Periodontol2011;13:14‑9.
55. Abdulbaqi HR, Himratul‑Aznita WH, Baharuddin NA. Evaluation ofSalvadora persica L. And green tea anti‑plaque effect: A randomizedcontrolled crossover clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:493
56. Ahmed SI, Reddy VC, Sudhir KM, Kumar RK, Srinivasulu G. Effectoftulsi extract and honey mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcusmutanscount in comparison with 0.2% of chlorhexidine: A randomized controlled trial. J Public Health Dent2017;15:306‑11.
57. Jalaluddin M, Rajasekaran UB, Paul S, Dhanya RS, Sudeep CB,Adarsh VJ, et al. Comparative evaluation of Neem mouthwash onplaque and gingivitis: A double‑blind crossover study. J Contemp DentPract2017;18:567‑71.
58. Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:19-31.
59. Sudhanshu A, Sharma U, Vadiraja HS, Rana RK, Singhal R. Impact of Yoga on Periodontal Disease and Stress Management. Int J Yoga. 2017;10(3):121-127.
60. Ankerberg J, Weldon J. 1996. In: ‘Yoga’ in Encyclopedia of New Age Belief. Eugene OR, editor. United States: Harvest House Publishers; pp. 593–610.
61. Saatcioglu F. 2013. Regulation of gene expression by yoga, meditation and related practices: a review of recent studies. Asian J Psychiatr., Feb;6(1):74-7.
62. Katuri KK, Dasari AB, Kurapati S, Vinnakota NR, Bollepalli AC, Dhulipalla R. Association of yoga practice and serum cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis patients with stress-related anxiety and depression. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2016;6:7-14
1. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1809-20.
2. Sobel DS. The Cost-effectiveness of Mind-body Medicine Inter¬ventions. Prog Brain Res2000;122: 393-412.
3. Mangal B, Sugandhi A, Kumathalli KI, Sridhar R. Alternative medicine in periodontal therapy – A review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2012;5:51-6.
4. Spector ML, Kummet CM, Holmes DC. Complementary and alternative medicine in predoctoral dental curricula: An exploratory survey of U.S.Dental schools. J Dent Educ 2013;77:1610;5
5. Alternative Medicine in Periodontal Therapy—A Review Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian StudiesVol 5, 2, 2012, 51-56
6. Agrawal AL, Sharma GN. Systemic description of meridians. In:Clinical practice of acupuncture. 1st ed. Raipur: AcupunctureFoundation of India; 1980. p. 109e227.
7. Agrawal AL, Sharma GN. Points prescriptions for anaesthesia &special sense organs. In: Clinical practice of acupuncture. 1sted. Raipur: Acupuncture Foundation of India; 1980. p. 346e362& 426e434.
8. Flaws B. The treatment of periodontal disease with Chinesemedicine. J Acc, vol 5, 2, 2013, 35-38.
9. Acupuncture A unique effort to treat periodontal disease, JADA, Vol 132, 2001, Issue 12, Pages 1705–1706
10. List T, Helkimo M. Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with chronic facial pain and mandibular dysfunction. Swed Dent J. 1987;11(3):83‐92.
11. Lisboa MR, Gondim DV, Ervolino E, Vale ML, Frota NP, Nunes NL, Mariguela VC, Taba M Jr, Messora MR, Furlaneto FA. Effects of electroacupuncture on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol. 2015 Jun;86(6):801-11.
12. Rosted P, Bundgaard M. Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaesthetic?--A pilot study. Acupunct Med. 2003 Sep;21(3):92-9.
13. Zijlstra FJ, van den Berg-de Lange I, Huygen FJ, Klein J. Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture. Mediators Inflamm. 2003 Apr;12(2):59-69.
14. Karst M, Winterhalter M, Münte S, Francki B, Hondronikos A, Eckardt A, Hoy L, Buhck H, Bernateck M, Fink M. Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007 Feb;104(2):295-300.
15. Mehta P, Dhapte V, Kadam S, Dhapte V. Contemporary acupressure therapy: Adroit cure for painless recovery of therapeutic ailments. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(2):251-263
16. An introduction to aromatherapy. Avisa P, Kamatham R, Vanjari K, Nuvvula S. Pediatr Dent. 2018;40(3):177‐183.
17. Dodd GH. The molecular dimension in perfumery. In: Van Toller S, Dodd GH, editors. Perfumery: the psychology and biology of fragrance. 1st ed. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1988. p. 19e46.
18. Owen L, Grootveld M, Arroo R, Ruiz-Rodado V, Price P, Laird K. A Multifactorial Comparison of Ternary Combinations of Essential Oils in Topical Preparations to Current Antibiotic Prescription Therapies for the Control of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Bacteria. Phytother Res. 2017;31(3):410‐417.
19. Eid Abdelmagyd HA, Ram Shetty DS, Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari DM. Herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies- A review of clinical trials in past decade. J Oral BiolCraniofac Res. 2019;9(3):212‐217.
20. Yadav HK, Yadav RK, Chandra A, Thakkar RR. The effectiveness of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and xylene in dissolving different endodontic sealers. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19(4):332‐337.
21. Dagli N, Dagli R, Mahmoud RS, Baroudi K. Essential oils, their therapeutic properties, and implication in dentistry: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(5):335‐340
22. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J ApplMicrobiol. 1999;86(6):985‐990.
23. Nagata H, Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Kataoka K, Kuboniwa M, Nishida N, Shimizu K, Osawa K, Shizukuishi S. Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol. 2008 Aug;79(8):1378-85.
24. Al-Mobeeriek A. Effects of myrrh on intra-oral mucosal wounds compared with tetracycline- and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes. Clin CosmetInvestig Dent. 2011;3:53‐58.
25. Longo RE, São Dimas J. Effects of Chamomilla recutita(L.) on oral wound healing in rats. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal2011;16:716‑21.
26. de Oliveira SM, Torres TC, Pereira SL, Mota OM, Carlos MX. Effect of a dentifrice containing Aloe Vera on plaque and gingivitis control. A double‑blind clinical study in humans. J Appl Oral Sci2008;16:293‑6.
27. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari R. Effect of oil pulling on plaqueinduced gingivitis: A randomized, controlled, triple‑blind study. Indian J Dent Res2009;20:47‑51.
28. Salvatori C, Barchi L, Guzzo F, Gargari M. A comparative study of antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory effects of mouthrinse containing tea tree oil. Oral Implantol (Rome)2017;10:59‑70.
29. Kothiwale SV, Patwardhan V, Gandhi M, Sohoni R, Kumar A. A comparative study of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of herbal mouthrinse containing tea tree oil, clove, and basil with commercially available essential oil mouthrinse. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 May;18(3):316-20.
30. Kessler CS, Pinders L, Michalsen A, Cramer H. Ayurvedic interventions for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):211-32.
31. Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):178-82.
32. Amruthesh S. Dentistry and Ayurveda - IV: classification and management of common oral diseases. Indian J Dent Res. 2008;19(1):52-61.
33. Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A. To evaluate the antigingivitis and antipalque effect of an Azadirachta indica (neem) mouthrinse on plaque induced gingivitis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(4):398-401.
34. Duailibe SA, Gonçalves AG, Ahid FJ. Effect of a propolis extract on streptococcus mutanscounts in vivo. J Appl Oral Sci2007;15:420-3.
35. Hegde KS, Bhat SS, Rao A, Sain S. Effect of propolis on Streptococcusmutanscounts: An in vivo study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent2013;6:22‑5.
36. Rodrigues IS, Tavares VN, Pereira SL, Costa FN. Antiplaque andantigingivitis effect of Lippiasidoides: A double‑blind clinical study in humans. J Appl Oral Sci2009;17:404‑7.
37. Barrella GE, Suffredini IB, Ribeiro FV, Cirano FR, Pimentel SP. Evaluation of the effect of an organic extract obtained from ipomoea alba L. On experimental periodontitis in rats. Braz Oral Res2012;26:158-64.
38. Patel PV, Shruthi S, Kumar S. Clinical effect of Miswak as an adjunct totooth brushing on gingivitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol2012;16:84‑8.
39. Hosamane M, Acharya AB, Vij C, Trivedi D, Setty SB, Thakur SL,et al. Evaluation of holy basil mouthwash as an adjunctive plaquecontrol agent in a four day plaque regrowth model. J Clin Exp Dent2014;6:e491‑6.
40. Shetti NA, Metgud R, Pattar V, Hugar SS. Salvadora persica (Miswak)mouthwash: A promising home care agent. Anna Dent Spec2016;4:6‑9.
41. Baeshen H, Salahuddin S, Dam R, Zawawi KH, Birkhed D. Comparisonof fluoridated Miswak and toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpasteon plaque removal and fluoride release. J Contemp Dent Pract2017;18:300‑6.
42. Farrer S, Baitson ES, Gedah L, Norman C, Darby P, Mathie RT. Homeopathic prescribing for chronic and acute periodontal conditions in 3 dental practices in the UK. Homeopathy. 2013;102(4):242-247.
43. Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Mar;18(2):178-82.
44. Bogdan M, Meca AD, Boldeanu MV, Gheorghe DN, TurcuStiolica A, Subtirelu MS, Boldeanu L, Blaj M, Botnariu GE, Vlad CE, Foia LG, Surlin P. Possible Involvement of Vitamin C in Periodontal Disease Diabetes Mellitus Association. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;12(2):553.
45. Stein SH, Tipton DA. Vitamin D and its impact on oral health--an update. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 2011;91(2):30-35.
46. Tenenbaum H, Dahan M, Soell M. Effectiveness of a sanguinarine regimen after scaling and root planing. J Periodontol. 1999;70(3):307-311.
47. Wynn SG, Fougère BJ. Veterinary Herbal Medicine: A Systems-Based Approach. Veterinary Herbal Medicine. 2007;291-409. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-02998-8.5
48. Moghbel A, Farjzadeh A, Aghel N, Agheli H, Raisi N. The effect ofgreen tea on prevention of mouth bacterial infection, halitosis, andplaque formation on teeth. Toxicol Res2011;5:502‑15.
49. Rassameemasmaung S, Phusudsawang P, SangalungkarnV.Effect of green tea mouthwash on oral malodor. ISRN Prev Med2013;2013:975148.
50. Han G, Park JW, Ko SJ, Son J, Seon J, Kim J, et al. Yukmijihwang‑tangfor the treatment of xerostomia in the elderly: Study protocol for arandomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled, two‑center trial. Trials 2013;14:281.
51. Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Mythili R. Effect of Manuka honey, chlorhexidinegluconate and xylitol on the clinical levels of dental plaque. Contemp Clin Dent 2010;1:214‑7.
52. Bhattacharjee R, Nekkanti S, Kumar NG, Kapuria K, Acharya S,Pentapati KC, et al. Efficacy of triphala mouth rinse (aqueous extracts)on dental plaque and gingivitis in children. J Investig Clin Dent2015;6:206‑10.
53. Srinagesh J, Krishnappa P, Somanna SN. Antibacterial efficacy oftriphala against oral streptococci: An in vivo study. Indian J Dent Res2012;23:696.
54. Karim B, Bhaskar DJ, Agali C, Gupta D, Gupta RK, Jain A, et al. Effectof Aloe vera mouthwash on periodontal health: triple blind randomizedcontrol trial. J Clin Periodontol2011;13:14‑9.
55. Abdulbaqi HR, Himratul‑Aznita WH, Baharuddin NA. Evaluation ofSalvadora persica L. And green tea anti‑plaque effect: A randomizedcontrolled crossover clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:493
56. Ahmed SI, Reddy VC, Sudhir KM, Kumar RK, Srinivasulu G. Effectoftulsi extract and honey mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcusmutanscount in comparison with 0.2% of chlorhexidine: A randomized controlled trial. J Public Health Dent2017;15:306‑11.
57. Jalaluddin M, Rajasekaran UB, Paul S, Dhanya RS, Sudeep CB,Adarsh VJ, et al. Comparative evaluation of Neem mouthwash onplaque and gingivitis: A double‑blind crossover study. J Contemp DentPract2017;18:567‑71.
58. Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:19-31.
59. Sudhanshu A, Sharma U, Vadiraja HS, Rana RK, Singhal R. Impact of Yoga on Periodontal Disease and Stress Management. Int J Yoga. 2017;10(3):121-127.
60. Ankerberg J, Weldon J. 1996. In: ‘Yoga’ in Encyclopedia of New Age Belief. Eugene OR, editor. United States: Harvest House Publishers; pp. 593–610.
61. Saatcioglu F. 2013. Regulation of gene expression by yoga, meditation and related practices: a review of recent studies. Asian J Psychiatr., Feb;6(1):74-7.
62. Katuri KK, Dasari AB, Kurapati S, Vinnakota NR, Bollepalli AC, Dhulipalla R. Association of yoga practice and serum cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis patients with stress-related anxiety and depression. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2016;6:7-14
Published
2021-05-28
How to Cite
Kapoor, A., Ali, A. R., Saini, N., & Gautam, K. (2021). Role of Complementary Medicine in Periodontics. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.21276//ujds.2021.7.2.26
Section
Review Article
