Plausible Correlation Between Sars-Cov2 and Periodontal Disease and Vice-versa: A Review
Keywords:
OVID-19, Periodontal disease, ACE-2.
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which affects the surrounding periodontal tissues and the primary etiological factor is the pathogenic microorganism. Apart from periodontal microbiome, various studies have shown that virome may play a role in etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Recently COVID-19 caused by the virus SARS COV-2, has raised a global emergency. This virus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae which is an RNA virus that created havoc worldwide. This virus has affected millions of people globally. Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been considered the main receptor for the virus entry into target cells. Oral cavity and periodontal structures are also found to have these receptors. This fact possesses a risk as SARS CoV2 can aggravate periodontal disease as well as may increase the risk of CoV2 spread or its severity. This review will give an insight about the possible correlation between COVID and periodontal disease.
KEY WORDS: COVID-19, Periodontal disease, ACE-2.
References
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34. Hienz, S.A.; Paliwal, S.; Ivanovski, S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis. J. Immunol. Res. 2015,2015, 615486.
35. Ebersole, J.L.; Kirakodu, S.; Novak, M.J.; Stromberg, A.J.; Shen, S.; Orraca, L.; Gonzalez-Martinez, J.;Burgos, A.; Gonzalez, O.A. Cytokine gene expression profiles during initiation, progression and resolutionof periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2014, 41, 853–861.
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2. D.R.Arora, BrijBala Arora .Textbook of Microbiology for dental students.3rd Ed.CBS Publishers &distributors Pvt. Ltd.
3. Payne, Family Coronaviridae.ElsevierPubllic Health Emergency Collection,2017: 149–158.
4. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamicsin Wuhan, China, of novel coronaviruseinfected pneumonia. N Engl J Med2020; 382:1199e207.
5. Guo Y-R, Cao Q-D, Hong Z-S, Tan Y-Y, Chen S-D, Jin H-J, et al. The origin,transmissionanclinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreakean update on the status. Military Medical Research 2020; 7:1e10.
6. Tian X, Li C, Huang A, Xia S, Lu S, Shi Z, et al. Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody. EmergMicrob Infect 2020;9:382e5.
7. Jiang S., Hillyer C., Du L. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human Coronaviruses. Trends Immunol. 2020 .
8. Schoeman D., Fielding B.C. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J. 2019;16:69.
9. 9.Tai W., He L., Zhang X., Pu J., Voronin D., Jiang S. Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cell MolImmunol. 2020:1–8.
10. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497–506
11. Xu H., Zhong L., Deng J., Peng J., Dan H., Zeng X. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:1–5.
12. Burrell, L.M.; Johnston, C.I.; Tikellis, C.; Cooper, M.E. ACE2, a new regulator of the renin-angiotensin system.TrendsEndocrinol. Metab. 2004, 15, 166–169.
13. Sukumaran, V.;Watanabe, K.; Veeraveedu, P.T.; Veeraveedu, P.T.; Gurusamy, N.; Ma, M.; Thandavarayan, R.A.; Lakshmanan, A.P.; Yamaguchi, K.; Suzuki, K.; et al. Olmesartan, an AT1 antagonist, attenuates oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and cardiac inflammatory mediators in rats with heart failure induced by experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2011, 7, 154–167.
14. Burrell, L.M.; Johnston, C.I.; Tikellis, C.; Cooper, M.E. ACE2, a new regulator of the renin-angiotensin system.TrendsEndocrinol. Metab. 2004, 15, 166–169.
15. Fraga-Silva, R.A.; Costa-Fraga, F.P.; Murça, T.M.; Moraes, P.L.; Martins Lima, A.; Lautner, R.Q.; Castro, C.H.; Soares, C.M.; Borges, C.L.; Nadu, A.P.; et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation improves endothelial function. Hypertension 2013, 61, 1233–1238.
16. Rodrigues Prestes, T.R.; Rocha, N.P.; Miranda, A.S.; Teixeira, A.L.; Simoes-E-Silva, A.C. The anti-inflammatory potential of ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis: Evidence from basic and clinical research. Curr. DrugTargets 2017, 18, 1301–1313.
17. Marshall, R.P. The pulmonary renin-angiotensin system. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2003, 9, 715–722.
18. WakakoSakaguchi 1,y, Nobuhisa Kubota 1,y, Tomoko Shimizu 2, Juri Saruta Shinya Fuchida 3, Akira Kawata 4, Yuko Yamamoto 5, Masahiro Sugimoto 6 , Mayumi Yakeishi and Keiichi Tsukinoki .Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in theOral Cavity.International Journal of Molecular Sciences.20 August 2020
19. Sahni, V.; Gupta, S. COVID-19 & periodontitis: The cytokine connection. MedHypotheses2020, in press.
20. MadapusiBalaji T, Varadarajan S, Rao USV, Raj AT, Patil S, Arakeri G, et al. Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109936.
21. Badran Z, Gaudin A, Struillou X, Amador G, Soueidan A. Periodontal pockets: a potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109907.
22. Li L, Wo J, Shao J, Zhu H, Wu N, Li M, et al. SARS-coronavirus replicates in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood (PBMCs) from SARS patients. J ClinVirol 2003; 28(3):239-44.
23. To KK, Tsang OT, Chik-Yan Yip C, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.
24. Dler A Khursheed : Managing periodontics patients during the SARS-COV 2 pandemic.Journal of International oral health 2020;vol:12;issue:8;85-89.
25. Carson, S.D. Receptor for the group B coxsackieviruses and adenoviruses: CAR. Rev. Med. Virol. 2001, 11,219–226.
26. Staunton, D.E.; Merluzzi, V.J.; Rothlein, R.; Barton, R.; Marlin, S.D.; Springer, T.A. A cell adhesion molecule,ICAM-1, is the major surface receptor for rhinoviruses. Cell 1989, 56, 849–853.
27. Belouzard, S.; Chu, V.C.; Whittaker, G.R. Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequentialproteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, 5871–5876.
28. Yamada, Y.; Liu, D.X. Proteolytic activation of the spike protein at a novel RRRR/S motif is implicatedinfurin-dependent entry, syncytium formation, and infectivity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus incultured cells. J. Virol. 2009, 83, 8744–8758.
29. Barton, E.S.; Forrest, J.C.; Connolly, J.L.; Chappell, J.D.; Liu, Y.; Schnell, F.J.; Nusrat, A.; Parkos, C.A.:Dermody, T.S. Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus. Cell 2001, 104, 441–451.
30. Santos, C.F.; Morandini, A.C.; Dionísio, T.J.; Faria, F.A.; Lima, M.C.; Figueiredo, C.M.; Colombini-Ishikiriama, B.L.; Sipert, C.R.; Maciel, R.P.; Akashi, A.P.; et al. Functional local renin-angiotensin system in human and rat periodontal tissue. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0134601.
31. Mancini , Vincenzo Quinzi , Stefano Mummolo, Giuseppe Marzo and Enrico MarchettiLeonardo ;Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a PossibleCorrelation between COVID-19 andPeriodontal Disease .Applied Sciences;2020, 10, 6224; doi:10.3390/app10186224
32. Mehta, P.; McAuley, D.F.; Brown, M.; Sanchez, E.; Tattersall, R.S.; Manson, J.J. HLH Across specialityCollaboration. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020, 395,1033–1034.
33. Silhol, F.; Sarlon, G.; Deharo, J.C.; Vaïsse, B. Downregulation of ACE2 induces overstimulation of the renin-angiotensin system in COVID-19: Should we block the renin-angiotensin system? Hypertens Res. 2020,in press.
34. Hienz, S.A.; Paliwal, S.; Ivanovski, S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis. J. Immunol. Res. 2015,2015, 615486.
35. Ebersole, J.L.; Kirakodu, S.; Novak, M.J.; Stromberg, A.J.; Shen, S.; Orraca, L.; Gonzalez-Martinez, J.;Burgos, A.; Gonzalez, O.A. Cytokine gene expression profiles during initiation, progression and resolutionof periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2014, 41, 853–861.
36. Chen C, Feng P, Slots J. Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interaction in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2020;82:42-64.
37. Slots J. Focal infection of periodontal origin. Periodontol 2000. 2019;79:233-5.
Published
2021-05-28
How to Cite
Bhosale, N. (2021). Plausible Correlation Between Sars-Cov2 and Periodontal Disease and Vice-versa: A Review. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.21276//ujds.2021.7.2.28
Section
Review Article
