TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
Keywords:
Keywords: Bidirectional Relationship, Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Deficiencies, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a collective term that includes conditions where the temporomandibular joint and associated musculature are in pain or dysfunction. Research has highlighted a bidirectional relationship between TMDs and nutrition, suggesting that dietary factors may influence the onset and progression of TMDs, while TMDs can impact nutritional intake and dietary habits. Through our article, we have discussed the complex interactions of TMDs with nutrition by collaborating with the literature on how nutritional deficiencies, dietary patterns, and food-related behaviours can affect TMD symptoms and management. Conversely, the review also explores how TMDs can lead to changes in eating habits and overall nutritional status. Through a comprehensive examination of these reciprocal influences, the review seeks to provide insights into potential dietary interventions and management strategies that could improve outcomes for individuals with TMDs and enhance their nutritional well-being.
Keywords: Bidirectional Relationship, Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Deficiencies, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
References
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24. Hoffmann RG, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA, Cowley T, Dasgupta M, Cowley AW. Temporomandibular disorders and associated clinical comorbidities. Clin J Pain 2011; 27: 268e74
25. Review Article Dietary assessment toolkits: an overview Maria Carlota Dao1,†, Amy F Subar2 , Marisol Warthon-Medina3 , Janet E Cade3,‡, Tracy Burrows4 , Rebecca K Golley5,§, Nita G Forouhi6 , Matthew Pearce6 and Bridget A Holmes7,)
26. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA). 2016. Nutrition Assessment, Counseling, and Support (NACS): A User’s Guide—Module 2: Nutrition Assessment and Classification, Version 2. Washington, DC: FHI 360/FANTA.
27. Edwards DC, Bowes CC, Penlington C, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders and dietary changes: a cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2021 Aug;48(8):873-9.
28. Ahmed S, Tabassum N, Al Dayel O, Safar FA, Al Damkh AA, Al Qahtani AT. Nutritional assessment in temporomandibular disease: creating an awareness on systemic impact of temporomandibular disorder in Saudi population. Journal of International Oral Health. 2016 Nov 1;8(11):1023.
29. Nasri-Heir C, Epstein JB, Touger-Decker R, Benoliel R. What should we tell patients with painful temporomandibular disorders about what to eat?. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016 Aug 1;147(8):667-71.
2. Saranya S, Janakiram C, Mathew A. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction among the indigenous population of India. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2024 May 1;14(3):312-6. 25.
3. Chaurasia A, Ishrat S, Katheriya G, Chaudhary PK, Dhingra K, Nagar A. Temporomandibular disorders in North Indian population visiting a tertiary care dental hospital. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2020;11(1):106–109. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/njms.NJMS_73_17. 26.
4. Taneja P, Nagpal R, Marya CM, Kataria S, Sahay V, Goyal D. Temporomandibular disorders among adolescents of Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(6):500–506. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005- 1689.
5. Ryan J, Akhter R, Hassan N, Hilton G, Wickham J, Ibaragi S. Epidemiology of temporomandibular disorder in the general population: a systematic review. Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health. 2019 Feb;10(3):1-3.
6. Paduano, S.; Bucci, R.; Rongo, R.; Silva, R.; Michelotti, A. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunctions in adolescents from public schools in Southern Italy. Cranio 2020, 38, 370–375.
7. Wadhwa S, Kapila S. TMJ Disorders: future innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics. J Dent Educ 2008;72(8):930–47.
8. Lövgren, A.; Häggman-Henrikson, B.; Visscher, C.M.; Lobbezoo, F.; Marklund, S.; Wänman, A. Temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction at different ages covering the lifespan—A population based study. Eur. J. Pain 2016, 20, 532–540. [CrossRef]
9. Al-Khotani, A.; Naimi-Akbar, A.; Albadawi, E.; Ernberg, M.; Hedenberg-Magnusson, B.; Christidis, N. Prevalence of diagnosed temporomandibular disorders among Saudi Arabian children and adolescents. J. Headache Pain 2016, 17, 41. [CrossRef]
10. Graue, A.M.; Jokstad, A.; Assmus, J.; Skeie, M.S. Prevalence among adolescents in Bergen, Western Norway, of temporomandibular disorders according to the DC/TMD criteria and examination protocol. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2016, 74, 449–455. [CrossRef]
11. Durham J, Touger – Decker R, Nixdorf DR, Rigassio – Radler D, Moynihan P. Orofacial pain and nutrition: a forgotten relationship? Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2015 Jan;42(1):75-80.
12. Edwards DC, Bowes CC, Penlington C, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders and dietary changes: a cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2021 Aug;48(8):873-9.
13. Irving J, Wood GD, Hackett AF. Does temporomandibular disorder pain dysfunction syndrome affect dietary intake?. Dental update. 1999 Nov 2;26(9):405-7.
14. Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Giudice A, Calafiore D, Paolucci T, Renò F, Migliario M, Fortunato L, Invernizzi M, Sire AD. Temporomandibular disorders and vitamin D deficiency: what is the linkage between these conditions? A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022 Oct 22;11(21):6231.
15. Khanna, S.; Parulekar, N.R.; Dhaimade, P.A. The Influence of Vitamin D on the Temporomandibular Joint and the Activities of Daily Living. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017, 11, ZC31–ZC34.
16. Demir, C.Y.; Ersoz, M.E. Biochemical changes associated with temporomandibular disorders. J. Int. Med. Res. 2019, 47, 765–771)
17. J. Palmer and J. Durham BJA Education, 21(2): 44e50 (2021) doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2020.11.001 Advance Access Publication Date: 24 December 2020
18. Smith SB, Mir E, Bair E et al. Genetic variants associated with development of TMD and its intermediate Temporomandibular disorders BJA Education - Volume 21, Number 2, 2021
19. phenotypes: the genetic architecture of TMD in the OPPERA prospective cohort study. J Pain 2013; 14: T91
20. Diatchenko L, Slade GD, Nackley AG et al. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14: 135e43
21. Slade GD, Conrad MS, Diatchenko L et al. Cytokine biomarkers and chronic pain: association of genes, transcription, and circulating proteins with temporomandibular disorders and widespread palpation tenderness. Pain 2011; 152: 2802e12
22. Cady RJ, Glenn JR, Smith KM, Durham PL. Calcitonin gene related peptide promotes cellular changes in trigeminal neurons and glia implicated in peripheral and central sensitization. Mol Pain 2011; 7: 94
23. La Touche R, Paris-Alemany A, Hidalgo-Perez A, Lopez-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, Muñoz-García D. Evidence for central sensitization in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pain Pract 2018; 18: 388e409
24. Hoffmann RG, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA, Cowley T, Dasgupta M, Cowley AW. Temporomandibular disorders and associated clinical comorbidities. Clin J Pain 2011; 27: 268e74
25. Review Article Dietary assessment toolkits: an overview Maria Carlota Dao1,†, Amy F Subar2 , Marisol Warthon-Medina3 , Janet E Cade3,‡, Tracy Burrows4 , Rebecca K Golley5,§, Nita G Forouhi6 , Matthew Pearce6 and Bridget A Holmes7,)
26. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA). 2016. Nutrition Assessment, Counseling, and Support (NACS): A User’s Guide—Module 2: Nutrition Assessment and Classification, Version 2. Washington, DC: FHI 360/FANTA.
27. Edwards DC, Bowes CC, Penlington C, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders and dietary changes: a cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2021 Aug;48(8):873-9.
28. Ahmed S, Tabassum N, Al Dayel O, Safar FA, Al Damkh AA, Al Qahtani AT. Nutritional assessment in temporomandibular disease: creating an awareness on systemic impact of temporomandibular disorder in Saudi population. Journal of International Oral Health. 2016 Nov 1;8(11):1023.
29. Nasri-Heir C, Epstein JB, Touger-Decker R, Benoliel R. What should we tell patients with painful temporomandibular disorders about what to eat?. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016 Aug 1;147(8):667-71.
Published
2026-04-30
How to Cite
Gupta, D. D. K., Jha, A., Dr. Vattigunta Sravani, & Thakur, A. (2026). TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2026.12.2.19
Section
Review Article
