Cheiloscopic Identification Across Age Groups 18–60 years in North India
Cheiloscopic Identification Across Age Groups 18–60 years
Abstract
Background: Cheiloscopy, the study of lip print patterns, is an emerging field in forensic odontology, recognized for its potential in personal identification due to the uniqueness and permanence of lip grooves. Despite its relevance, limited data exists for North Indian populations, particularly Uttar Pradesh.
Aim: To evaluate the uniqueness, distribution, and forensic relevance of lip print patterns, including gender- and quadrant-based variations, among individuals from the North Indian population.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study involved 120 participants (60 males, 60 females) aged 18–60 years. Lip prints were collected using cellophane tape and analyzed by dividing the lips into four quadrants. Classification was based on the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Type II (branched) was the most frequent lip print pattern (32.92%), followed by Type I (linear). Significant gender differences were noted in Type III (intersected) and Type IV (reticular) patterns, with higher prevalence in males. Pattern distribution also varied significantly across quadrants, with the exception of the lower-left and lower-right comparison. Type V (miscellaneous) was the rarest but exhibited the highest uniqueness, particularly among females. Age-related differences were statistically significant for Type II and Type IV patterns.
Conclusion: Lip prints demonstrate high uniqueness and forensic value, with significant variations by gender, age, and lip quadrant. Patterns such as Type III and V offer enhanced identification accuracy. These findings reinforce cheiloscopy as a reliable supplementary biometric tool in forensic science, especially for personal and gender identification.
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